One of the 17th-century masters of the oil technique was Diego Velázquez, a Spanish painter within the Venetian tradition, whose highly economical however informative brushstrokes have regularly been emulated, especially in portraiture. The usual assist for oil painting is a canvas manufactured from pure European linen of sturdy close weave. Linen canvas, after a long period of improvement, replaced wood panels as the most popular support. The painting knife-a finely tempered, skinny, limber version of the artist’s palette knife-is a handy instrument for making use of oil colours in a robust method. When a more flowing or cellular high quality is required by the artist, a liquid painting medium equivalent to pure gum turpentine must be combined with it. But in Europe, oil as a painting medium is recorded solely as early as the 11th century. At first, oil paints and varnishes had been used to glaze tempera panels, painted with their traditional linear draftsmanship.

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