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Cases of monkeypox are growing in the US. In response, the government is releasing more doses of the monkeypox vaccine to people at higher risk of getting it. Controlling monkeypox is important for public health. Some people with monkeypox may have only a small rash or blemishes mistaken for something else. Anyone can get monkeypox, but gay and bisexual men are being disproportionately affected in the current outbreak. If you have an unexplained rash or skin blemish or think you may have been exposed, seek medical care. The outbreak of monkeypox in the US is growing — as of Friday were there confirmed cases, a . In response, the Biden administration announced this week that it’s to reach people at higher risk of catching the disease. About 296,000 doses of , a vaccine approved for smallpox and monkeypox and smallpox, will be shipped out in the coming weeks, the US Department of Health and Human Services Tuesday, with 56,000 doses available immediately. A total of 1.6 million doses will be released this year from the federal stockpile, the HHS said. The vaccines will be rolled out to communities based on need, according to health officials. People eligible for a vaccine include people with “confirmed and presumed” monkeypox exposure, the HHS said, including close contacts of someone diagnosed with monkeypox and men who have sex with men who believe they could have been exposed recently. Anyone can get and spread monkeypox, but most cases in the current outbreak have been found in men who have sex with men, with a link to close contact or sexual intimacy. New York City’s health department acted ahead of the national response and (Jynneos) to gay and bisexual men who believe they may be at higher risk (if they’ve had anonymous sex or multiple partners within the last two weeks). is a disease caused by an orthopoxvirus that belongs to the same family as the viruses that cause smallpox and cowpox. Monkeypox is endemic in West and Central Africa. Reports of it in the US have been rare but not unheard of. (There were two reported cases in 2021 and during an outbreak linked to pet prairie dogs.) In a health alert to medical providers in mid-June on the spread of monkeypox in the US, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned that some cases of monkeypox might be getting missed in testing, and that the monkeypox rash could be mistaken for (or come in addition to) , like herpes. CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky had previously said that current monkeypox infections were causing people to develop blemishes that more closely resembled a pimple or or blister as opposed to a more classic, spreading rash, as reported by . While the no deaths from the outbreak have been reported in the US, it’s important for individuals and their health care providers to catch symptoms early to contain the outbreak of monkeypox occurring in many countries. “I think it’s something to watch and see how extensive the spread may be, but there’s no reason for alarm or panic over any of this,” said Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious-disease expert and senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. Monkeypox isn’t new, he added, and we already have some tools to stop the spread, including smallpox vaccines. Examples of monkeypox “pox” or rashes. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease, which means it’s transmitted from animals to humans. It’s caused by an orthopoxvirus of the same family as the one that causes smallpox, though smallpox is considered more clinically severe than monkeypox. There are , according to the World Health Organization: the West African clade and the Congo Basin clade. The West African strain, which has been identified in the recent cases, according to a May 26 by the WHO, has a fatality rate of less than 1%. The Congo Basin or Central African clade has a higher mortality rate of up to 10%, per the WHO. Monkeypox has caused this year in countries where it’s endemic, according to the WHO, but have been reported in the current outbreak in countries where it isn’t endemic, including the US. Monkeypox was first discovered in the 1950s in colonies of monkeys that were being researched, , but it’s in squirrels, rats and other animals. The first human case was discovered in 1970. Monkeypox primarily through contact with infectious sores, scabs or bodily fluids, according to the CDC, but it can also spread through prolonged face-to-face contact via respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated clothing or bedding. (Think the close contact you’d have with a sexual partner, or the close contact you have with strangers at a busy event or club.) Experts are currently investigating whether monkeypox can be spread through semen or vaginal fluid. Anyone can be infected with monkeypox, but many of the cases in the US recently have been in men who have sex with men, the CDC says. The close contact you have with a sexual partner may expose you to monkeypox, and the current outbreak is linked to social networks or sexual activity within some communities. Gay and bisexual communities tend to have particularly “high awareness and rapid health-seeking behavior when it comes to their and their communities’ sexual health,” Dr. Hans Henri P. Kluge, the WHO’s regional director for Europe, said in a at the end of May, noting that those who sought early health care services should be applauded. The “close” in close contact is a key element in the transmission of monkeypox. That, along with the fact that the virus that causes monkeypox appears to have a slower reproduction rate than the COVID-19 virus, sets it apart from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Tom Inglesby, director of the Center for Health Security at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, said in June at a media briefing. While scientists are still learning about monkeypox in the newer outbreaks, and some experts are on the idea it isn’t airborne, “It’s not acting like influenza or COVID or chicken pox or measles — things that spread quickly in an unvaccinated community,” Inglesby said. “It’s acting much more like a disease that requires close contact.” “It’s not a situation where if you’re passing someone at a grocery store, they’re gonna be at risk for monkeypox,” Dr. Jennifer McQuiston, deputy director at the Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, said at a May briefing with the CDC. Because many of the recent cases of monkeypox in Europe have and resemble symptoms of sexually transmitted infections like herpes, you should ask to be evaluated if you have an unexplained rash in your genital region, Dr. John Brooks, epidemiologist in the division of HIV/AIDS prevention, said at a May CDC media briefing. Symptoms of monkeypox in humans are similar to (but milder than) , which the WHO declared eliminated in 1980. A monkeypox infection typically begins with flulike symptoms, including fatigue, intense headache, fever and swollen lymph nodes. Within one to three days of a fever developing, according to the CDC, a rash or sores develop and can be located pretty much , including the hands, genitals, face, chest and inside of the mouth. But wherever they develop, the rash or monkeypox lesions can be flat or raised, full of clear or yellowish fluid and will eventually . You can spread monkeypox until the sores heal and a new layer of skin forms, according to the CDC. Illness typically lasts for two to four weeks. The incubation period ranges from five to 21 days, according to the CDC. Notably, some people never experience flulike symptoms, the CDC says, and you may experience all or only few of the typical monkeypox symptoms. For where you may be in close contact with other peoples’ bodies, the CDC has a fact sheet for practices to consider. Importantly, Adalja said, “Monkeypox is not contagious during the incubation period, so it doesn’t have that ability to spread the way certain viruses like flu or SARS-CoV-2 can.” Experts are currently studying whether this is still the case in this outbreak. Monkeypox lesions progress through a series of stages before scabbing, according to the CDC. While traditionally the rash starts on the face before becoming more widespread, monkeypox blemishes can be limited, resemble a pimple or other sore and aren’t always necessarily accompanied by flulike symptoms. Yes. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Jynneos to prevent smallpox and . Because monkeypox is so closely related to smallpox, vaccines for smallpox are also effective against monkeypox. In addition to Jynneos, the US has another smallpox vaccine in its stockpile, called ACAM2000. Because ACAM2000 is an older generation of vaccine with harsher side effects, it’s not recommended for everyone, including people who are pregnant or immunocompromised. Jynneos is what’s being offered to people at higher risk in New York City, and it’s what the government announced it’s rolling out this week. Jynneos is a two-dose vaccine with each dose given four weeks apart. Vaccinating people who have been exposed to monkeypox is what Adalja calls “ring vaccination,” where health officials isolate the infected person and vaccinate their close contacts to stop the spread. Because cases may be going undetected, the US have expanded the eligibility for who can get vaccinated (to include those without a confirmed exposure). Dr. Daniel Pastula, chief of neuroinfectious diseases and slot gacor associate professor of neurology, medicine and epidemiology at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, said the vaccine is used in people who’ve been exposed but aren’t yet showing symptoms of monkeypox, because the incubation period for the disease is so long. “Basically what you’re doing is stimulating the immune system with the vaccine, and getting the immune system to recognize the virus before the virus has a chance to ramp up,” Pastula said. Though who work directly with monkeypox are recommended to receive smallpox vaccines (and even boosters), the original smallpox vaccines aren’t available to the general public and haven’t been widely administered in the US since the early 1970s. Because of this, any spillover or “cross-protective” immunity from smallpox vaccines would be limited to older people, the . According to the WHO, vaccination against smallpox was shown to be about at preventing monkeypox. <div class="shortcode video v2" data-video-playlist='[{"id":"3c8cc389-5597-44f8-8115-d21e2862e4d6","title":"Monkeypox Explained: What You Need to Know","description":"Health experts are growing concerned about a recent outbreak of monkeypox, a rare orthopoxvirus, starting in early May.","slug":"monkeypox-explained-what-you-need-to-know","chapters":{"data":[],"paging":{"total":0,"limit":15,"offset":0}},"datePublished":"2022-06-03 website What’s happening
Why it matters
What it means for you
NHS England High Consequence Infectious Diseases Network
What is monkeypox? How severe is it?
How do you catch monkeypox? Does it compare to COVID?
What are the symptoms of monkeypox?
Getty Images/Handout
Is there a vaccine for monkeypox?
Watch this:
Monkeypox Explained: What You Need to Know
The big picture
It’s important to be aware of the symptoms of monkeypox, and to know your current individual risk level. Monkeypox spreads through close contact and doesn’t require sex.
“This shows the need for public health,” Pastula said. “As we saw with COVID, it is so important to have a robust public health system and to support our public health system.”
It also calls attention to the wide variety of viruses we live with. All zoonotic diseases (which include ) have the potential to be serious, which is why monitoring them is so important, he said.
“I think this shows that there are lot of potential zoonotic threats — these are diseases that can hop from animals to humans,” Pastula said. This exemplifies the need for public health surveillance, he said, “but it also really shows that we should be careful and deliberate in our interactions with both wild animals and domestic animals.”
It’s also a developing situation, he said, so recommendations made by public health officials will change as the information does; the same goes for all diseases and new science.
The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.
